An Analysis of Othello by William Shakespeare Essays

An Analysis of Othello by William Shakespeare Essays An Analysis of Othello by William Shakespeare Essay An Analysis of Othello by William Shakespeare Essay In the drama Othello by William Shakespeare Iago plays the maestro operator and manages to lead on many of the other characters particularly Othello and Cassio. It can be said that his motivations are based entirely on his insecurities due to the fact his end in the drama was to destroy Othello’s life. He does this by utilizing psychological use on Othello’s ideas and makes him believe that Cassio and Desdemona are fond of each other. Which fundamentally means that he targets anyone that brings out his insecurities. which gives him a ground to flog out and kill or harm these people. to do himself experience better. In the beginning of the drama Iago makes it look as if his hatred towards Othello is because he has made Cassio his lieutenant. As the drama goes on you subsequently realize that Iago’s hatred extends even more. I hate the Moor. and it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets. he has done my office: I know non if’t be true. but I. for mere intuition in that sort. will make as if for surety. . There seems to be some rumours about Othello and Iago’s married woman Emilia. the rumours are that Othello and Emilia have slept together. In the quotation mark above he states that he doesn’t attention if the rumours are true and that he is traveling to continue with his program as if they are true. Throughout the drama Iago invariably reminds himself of why he’s targeting Othello. I do surmise the lustful Moor. Hath leap’d into my place: the idea whereof. Doth. like a toxicant mineral. gnaw my inwards ; And nil can or shall content my psyche. boulder clay I am even’d with him. married woman for married woman. His hatred towards Cassio is more directed. Iago hates Cassio because he has gotten the place of lieutenant even with his deficiency of experience in the field as he is a more tactical making schemes individual. More than a old maid. unless the studious theoric . Iago fundamentally states that Cassio’s deficiency of manfulness attention deficit disorder to his hatred towards him. Each individual in the drama get manipulated in a manner that merely suits them. For illustration Roderigo is blinded by his love for Desdemona. and is prepared to make anything to win her heat this give Iago the advantage to take his failing and utilize it against him. Equally guiltless as Iago’s words seem Othello Lashkar-e-Taibas Iago’s manipulative words counteract with his thought and this is where you could state he has officially planted the seed devising sure he has Othello’s ear. As Othello asks for cogent evidence Iago is one time once more able to pull strings Othello by doing him conceal and hear a conversation Iago has with Cassio. Now will I question Cassio of Bianca. A homemaker that by selling her desires. Buys herself staff of life and apparels. It is a animal. that dotes on Cassio. as ’tis the strumpet’s pestilence. To juggle many and be beguiled by one. He. when he hears of her. can non forbear. From the surplus of laughter. Here he comes. Iago says this one time Othello withdraws and one time Cassio corners him starts discoursing Bianca but allows Othello to believe they are discoursing Desdemona. He whispers so Othello would non hear him and by making that he agitates Othello and that causes him to be delusional. As mentioned before Cassio is besides manipulated by Iago. The first manner in which Cassio is deceived is when he acquire pressured into imbibing and so get downing a battle which accordingly ruins Cassio’s repute. If I can fix but one cup upon him. with that which he hath intoxicated tonight already. He’ll be as full of wrangle and discourtesy. as my immature mistress’ Canis familiaris. Now my ill sap Roderigo. Whom love hath turned about the incorrect side 1 out. To Desdemona hath tonight caroused. Drafts pottle-deep. and he’s to watch. Three chaps of Cyprus. baronial swelling liquors. That hold their awards in a wary distance. The very elements of this militant isle. Have I tonight flustered with fluxing cups. And they watch excessively. Now ’mongst this flock of rummies. Am I to set our Cassio in some action. That may pique the isle. This is Iago’s monologue where he really reveals his manipulative side. At first. Iago told Cassio he should imbibe on behalf of Othello although he knew that he did non desire to and was non capable of it. Iago has manipulated Cassio to make something unethical. Othello and Cassio both get exploited by Iago because they both find honest. good friend and have a difficult clip judging character. Iago Acts of the Apostless like he genuinely cares about Othello by giving him warning marks about Cassio. Iago besides fools Cassio into believing he cares whether he has a good clip or non. Another manner Iago manipulates Cassio is when he workss the hankie in Cassio’s Chamberss. I know non neither. I found it in my chamber. I like the work good. Ere it be demanded. As like enough it will. I would hold it copied. Take it and make ’t. and go forth me for this clip. . Cassio says this when he gives it to Bianca. Cassio has no thought as to how the hankie got into his room. Iago left it at that place to put him up and do it look as if he is holding an matter with Desdemona. Iago exploits Cassio’s limited cognition since Cassio did non cognize that the hankie belong to Desdemona. In both scenarios Iago manipulates Othello and Iago by sugar surfacing the truth from them. Iago does experience better after pull stringsing the characters in the narrative this is shown throughout the narrative as Iago manipulates and controls every other character so good that they seem like marionettes that he controls. At the terminal of the drama. Iago’s use has left a trail of devastation that has killed Othello and Cassio. every bit good others and has destroyed the lives of many who remain. The motives and thoughts Iago has are really delusory and cunning. and his ability to influence is really astonishing. Iago’s actions define of a adult male who will halt at nil until he exacts retaliation on everyone who he feels has threaten him in one manner or another. Shakspere has presented Iago as a sort and baronial soldier he has besides been known as honest Iago. this screening that everyone is non as what they seem on the outside. Already cognizing that Iago has a hatred for his superior Othello and now Cassio Thou told’st me thou didst hold him in thy hatred. Said Roderigo. Despise me if I do non. Iago answers. This during the gap scenes in the drama. Iago fools Othello by supplying ocular cogent evidence but didn’t allow him to listen or understand decently. As for Cassio. he used his friendly relationship to works the hankie. Both Othello and Cassio are naif have a difficult clip judging character. are excessively proud to believe that person is gulling them and their limited cognition as to what was traveling on around them allows Iago to Successfully in the terminal manipulate the head of Othello and sent him insane and 2 left Cassio in a state of affairs that he didn’t belong in. Othello and Cassio were both victims of Iago’s use due to the fact that they had something Iago did non. 3 Bibliography William. S. ( 01. 22. 14 ) . Othello. Great Britain. Oxford University. JONATHAN. L. ( 28. 01. 2010 ) . HOW DOES IAGO MANIPULATE DIFFERENT CHARACTERS IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE HIS AIMS? OTHELLO. RETRIEVED ( 02. 27. 2014 ) . FROM Hypertext transfer protocol: //WWW. MARKEDBYTEACHERS. COM/AS-AND-A-LEVEL/ENGLISH/HOW-DOES-IAGO-MA NIPULATE-DIFFERENT-CHARACTERS-IN-ORDER-TO-ACHIEVE-HIS-AIMS. HTML The Theme of Deception in William Shakespeare’s Othello. Retrieved ( 02. 27. 2014 ) . from hypertext transfer protocol: //sites. Google. com/site/thethemeofdeception/home Joshua. A. ( 2013 ) . Protestant epistemology and Othello’s consciousness. Retrieved ( 03. 01. 14 ) . from Gale Academic One File.

A Worn Path essays

A Worn Path essays "A Worn Path" by Eudora Welty, is the tale of the unstoppable love and care of a grandmother for her grandchild. It tells a story of sheer determination as Phoenix Jackson makes a long journey into town to get medicine for her chronically ill grandson. She strives forward despite frequent obstacles in her way that include her own failing health and the grandchild's slim chance of survival. Phoenix Jackson is "an old Negro woman" who continues forward over barriers that would not even be considered a hindrance for the young. This is a journey which she has taken before, and now "the time come around" she must travel it again. She begins her journey to town on "a bright frozen day in the early morning" in December. Phoenix Jackson is "very old and small ", and walks like the "pendulum in a grandfather clock" ever so carefully with her "thin, small cane made from an umbrella." The description of Phoenix Jackson at the beginning of this story gives the reader a glimpse of how difficult this trip is going to be for an elderly woman such as her. The description "Her eyes were blue with age. Her skin has a pattern all its own of numberless branching wrinkles" are indications of Phoenix Jackson's old age. She supports herself with a cane, striving not to fall with every step she takes. She wears a "dress reaching down to her shoe tops" along with "an equally long apron of bleached sugar sacks, with a full pocket." This just adds to her difficulties. As she begins her journey, she talks to herself and warns "Out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animals!...Keep out from under these feet, little bob-whites", because as she says, "I got a long way." She is determined to go down that path despite anything that might come between her and getting the medicine for her grandson. This shows that her body may be worn out, but the attitude that she takes and des...

International accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

International accounting - Essay Example Before the start of WWII, the Japanese accounting system was mainly guided by the 1899 Commercial Code, which was derived from the German system also known as the Continental Law (Heenan 2000). This was the only law in Japan that had compulsory parts and clauses on accounting particularly with regard to preparation of inventory sheet and balance sheet. It also spelt out rules of valuing assets, which were originally valued at the market price and then a price set below the market. When this law is closely examined, it is evident that English had a lot of influence on practice, whereas German had some influence on statutory law. After the Second World War, new laws were enacted to supplement the Commercial Code. Some of the new laws included Corporation Tax Law, Securities & Exchange Law and the creation of the so-called â€Å"triangular system.† In 1949, the Accounting Principles for Business Enterprises was established (Hoshi 2000). This was established under the auspices of the Business Accounting Deliberation Council (BADC), which served as an advisory agency to the Ministry of Finance. Generally, the Accounting Principles for Business Enterprises served as a major source of Japanese GAAP. The â€Å"Triangular System† had three codes, as well as business accounting principles including the Commercial Code, Corporation Tax Law and Securities & Exchange Law (Hoshi 2000). Specifically, the Commercial Code provides the standard of filing tax returns and acts a conformity rule for preparing financial statements. It is also associated with regulations, ordinances and notices. The Ministry of Justice in accordance with Sec. 32-2, of the 1974 GAAP, administers the Commercial Code (Hoshi 2000). The Corporation Tax Law is administered by the ministry of Finance and NTA. Finally, securities & Exchange Law is administered by the FSA and follows the Accounting Principles for Business Enterprises, which is considered to be the fundamental

Xala by Sembene Ousmane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Xala by Sembene Ousmane - Essay Example â€Å"Xala† articulates the emerging African world, freed from the rule by France. Once the colonial powers exploited the African people; now it is the turn of the rich and the influential to continue with that legacy. The protagonist in the novel El Hadji Abdou Kader Beye is an associate of the forum of businessmen of the country who have joined together to take charge of the country’s economy and apparently to check the inflow of foreign capital. That was just a superficial act. Such businessmen were hand in glove with the foreign businessmen even after the country attained independence. Their disposition was only for public consumption and to mislead the gullible people of the country. The newly formed coterie, of which El Hadji was involved, used approaches and principles identical to that of the colonial businessmen whose place they had occupied. For aggrandizement of power and wealth, they employed corrupt and dubious methods. The colonial powers had left behind t hem a poor Senegalese economy with weak infrastructure. The societal norms were still guided on non-traditional lines with unequal relationships between the two genders. El Hadji intelligently clubs the tenets of Islam to his business goals. Means are of no consequence to him for profiteering and being a Muslim, his status symbol is the number of wives he owns and their palatial houses. His manipulation of the tenets of Islam does not yield good results in the long run and the law of divine retribution works to undo his ill-gotten wealth. The author has something stunning to reveal about the male/female relationships in the country where majority of the people practice Islam. Muslim women are not powerless, as articulated by the Western scholars and sociologists, but while remaining within the four walls of the house, they exercise power in their unique style and dominate men. The gender relations El Hadji’s wives are not quiet and submissive women. The author also introduces another strong woman, Yay Bineta. El Hadji’s third marriage transpires not because he wants it, but on account of the guile of Yay Bineta. El Hadji submits to her manipulations and is compelled to accept her judgment into marrying. The author writes, she "did battle with [El Hadji] in the ancient, allegorical language preserved by custom."(7) During the arguments and counterarguments her feminine viciousness and biting language is liberally employed and she chides him that he is scared of women. His bravado is just an exhibition for showing to the outside world and she castigates him that his wives wear trousers within the house. Such observations must have hurt the ego of El Hadji. Thus the author succinctly argues that the Muslim men in Senegal are the tools in the hands of their wives and they dance to their tunes. Women in Muslim families are generally figured out as humble servants confined to the four walls of the house and they have no freedom whatsoever. They may be restricted when they go out of house on special occasions accompanied by husband or any other male member, but inside the house their rule prevails. The depiction by the western historians is faulty and women are not meek and obedient. El Haldji commands his wives, but their reactions cannot be taken for granted. His wife number two, Oumi N†Doye is a skillful manipulator and she has perfected the art of torturing him mentally and gets her demands fulfilled from him. El Haldji is just the supporter of the three families and he does not enjoy their genuine affection and his bunch of children invariably greets him to demand money. His energies are spent in managing his business and more so his families. When in the end he suffers losses in business his wives desert him. His wife number one stays with him till the end. By depicting the life of El Haldji, the author depicts the societal conditions

Professional Needs To Develop a Good Carrier Opportunity Essay

Professional Needs To Develop a Good Carrier Opportunity - Essay Example The researcher states that since employment becomes a mode of living for an individual hence he would be discussing the employability that acts as a vital tool for his personal and professional development. The communication and interpersonal skills are essential for an individual to survive in an organization and this would help me to develop further skills like the leadership skills and experience in dealing with challenges. The researcher would gain relevant experience regarding the strategies to be undertaken in order to face the challenges that come across the professional carrier of an individual. With his development skills, the author would be able to deliver well for the welfare of the organization. Since skill development is an important issue for being a part of the organization the author feel that through this he would be able to enhance his job performance. However, according to the author the majority of the skills are developed during the on-job activities as well as action learning. The on job experiences include developing skills related to managing a project, job shadowing and taking up a new responsibility. The researcher can develop his leadership abilities by taking up the responsibility of the manager and he can interact with his team members regarding the projects assigned to them. Further taking up new responsibilities would enhance his problem-solving skills. According to the author, it is the duty of the managers to understand the requirements of the clients and communicate the business requirements to the team members. The researcher can also deliver training as a team leader that would improve his leadership skills and abilities. The organizational culture also plays a key role in improving the level of performance of the organization in the international market. Adjusting to the new work culture would be challenging for the author as it will take time to understand the needs of the organization as well as the ability of the team me mbers.

Fragrance Store Business Plan

Fragrance Store Business Plan Business Name: FRAGRANCES Company Summary Fragrances is a new natural and herbal cosmetics company proposing to set up a signature herbal cosmetics store in Central London. The store will deal in herbal cosmetics including perfumes. The company has been setup by a team of three members who have years of experience in understanding and managing cosmetics business, channel marketing and high-level sales. The promoters will initially fund the business themselves as they believe strongly in their product idea. Market research among over 1000 women in various age groups shows that there is a demand for such products. Sales projections for Fragrances are estimated be over  £1 million for the first year, with a decent net profit. The promoters feel that, by creating awareness of their products, many women will prefer to purchase their products for their own use, as will friends and family members. Objectives Create a niche market in herbal cosmetics industry Generate retail sales of over  £1,000,000 in year one. Maintain a gross margin of over 65%. Mission To give an unlimited opportunity to women of all ages to become beautiful naturally Keys to Success Fragrances will: Offer a unique line of herbal cosmetics that will take into account the differences in requirements of diverse age groups. Herbal cosmetic products are currently in demand today and are also available but there are no differences in cosmetics available for different age groups. Satisfy the demand of women who do not want to use cosmetics containing harmful chemicals Execute a targeted marketing campaign to generate awareness of the their products Fragrances will be a UK-based herbal cosmetics company offering its customers a series of unique herbal cosmetics including skincare products, hair care products and perfumes. There will a wide variety in these cosmetics and will take the differences in requirements of diverse age groups. The store will have two product experts who will help the customers choose the right products according to their ages and requirements. The company will reach out to customers through their own signature store as well as its website. In the future, the company will also explore the possibility of expanding to the entire UK by setting up a chain of such stores. Company Ownership Cosmetics industry in the UK is a growth industry dominated by a few key players. Fragrances needs to pool funding to be able to make its presence felt in the industry. It will be set up as a private limited company as the three promoters will pool in their funds and will form the core management team. As a private company it will be able to achieve its initial standing which would not have been possible as a sole proprietorship or partnership firm. Start-up Summary Start-up costs for Fragrances include legal costs, computer supplies, new product marketing, website design and regulatory costs for cosmetics[1]. Start-up assets are mostly dedicated to start-up stock. Start-up Expenses  £ Legal 1,000 Computer Supplies 1,250 Marketing 15,000 Web design 2,500 Regulatory 4,000 General Administration (including rent and salaries) 137,000 Total Start-up Expenses  £160,750 Start-up Assets Cash  £10,000 Start-up stock  £60,000 Other current assets 0 Fixed assets (Including fixtures)  £20000 Total assets  £90,000 Total Requirements for Expenses and assets 250,750 To start with, Fragrances will introduce its herbal range in skincare products perfumes. Skincare products These will include day creams, night creams, exfoliating creams, anti-wrinkle or anti-ageing creams. Within these there will be creams for specific age-groups and skin types. Perfumes Fragrances will start-off with a limited range of perfumes for the working women. In stage two, more variety will be introduced. Source: National Statistics, accessed from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 Market Segmentation The three main segments of the market who would buy herbal cosmetics are working executives, college and university students and ageing women. There will also be those who would shop for women, perhaps a husband, friend or a family member. Though the store will be in Central London it will cater to the needs of entire UK. Women living outside London will buy the cosmetics online through the company website. The absence of a store in small towns will not impact the sale as the product will be extremely effective and safe. The confidence will be based on additional expenditure on creating awareness about the products. As per the mid census estimates, the total women population in all age groups in UK is 30,730,300 (Source: NSO Statistics). In addition, statistics indicate that on an average 93% of total women in all age groups buy cosmetics. The potential market may be set at 28,579,179 (93% of total women). Based on the primary and secondary segments, the projected sales forecast is conservatively set at less then 1% of the total potential market (285,790), as highlighted in the following table and chart. Potential Customers Growth 2008 2009 2010 CAGR Working women 0% 142,895 142,895 142,895 0% Young girls 0% 107,171 107,171 107,171 0% Ageing women 0% 26,793 26,793 26,793 0% Others 0% 8,931 8,931 8,931 0% Total 0% 285,790 285,790 285,790 0% Product Elasticity: The product is a necessity and is not highly price elastic. Consumers are ready to pay a higher product if they become aware of the unique benefits from the product. Industry Analysis The UK cosmetics industry accounts for  £5 billion sales. (Source: Euromonitor – Consumer Europe 2002/3 – 18th Edition Pub. Euromonitor International Plc)) 93% of British women use cosmetics in some shape or form making us one of the highest users in Europe. (Source: Key Note Report – Cosmetics Fragrances A Market Sector Overview 10th Edition, Ed. By Eleanor Hughes) Convenience and benefits continue to be a key trend for British cosmetics consumers. Easy application and usage, as well as effectiveness, are the main requirements. Some of these products have a higher price positioning, but consumers appear willing to pay higher unit prices if products can offer genuine benefits in terms of saving time. Fragrances will be a small segment of the cosmetics industry. The market is dominated by major players. Significant shifts in overall value share in this sector have primarily been achieved through major mergers and acquisitions such as L’Orà ©al’s purchase of The Body Shop. Competition Analysis Natural and herbal cosmetic products is a growing sector with the presence of a few big players such as L’Orà ©al’, Bodyshop, Boots and Johnson and Johnson. It is becoming stronger in the UK and UK is now competing with other European countries for product launches. There has been a 170 per cent increase on launches from the comparable period in 2006. According to a recent Mintel report, the UK has seen the largest increase in herbal beauty products of any European country even in the first quarter of 2007. The country accounted for a mere five per cent of the 1600 organic cosmetics launched worldwide in 2006, which has now risen to 19 per cent of the 1053 products that have already been launched globally in 2007. In recent years there has been an explosion of activity as consumers have become more aware of the health benefits of using natural ingredients. Supermarkets have now begun to pick up on this trend, with leading chains such as Asda, Tesco and Waitrose all developing own brands to capitalise on the growing consumer demand for organic and ethical products. Our marketing strategy is to create product awareness among women using cosmetics by strategically placing Internet ads, using direct mailers and generating PR. Competitive Edge The present herbal cosmetic retailers carry a mainstream line of cosmetics that are appealing to the masses. Due to their mass distribution model, it would not be prudent for them to carry small amounts of specialty items for specific age groups. By positioning in the market as a specialty store, Fragrances is confident that word of mouth will help to create product awareness across UK. Fragrances unique selling proposition is that its products will be exclusive and customised for women in accordance with their age groups, skin types etc. Currently, no major cosmetic retailer and online stores offer such customised herbal cosmetics. The primary weakness of Fragrance will be to generate awareness about the cosmetics and highlight how these are different from the other products available in the market. To generate sales, there is a need to first create awareness about the existence of the product and make it easy for potential customers to locate the speciality store. However, it will not be difficult to establish its presence in the cosmetics industry. Marketing Strategy Fragrances marketing strategy is crucial to its success. The company will need to create awareness of its products through: Strategically-placed ads in women’s magazines and women related websites Direct mail and e-mail advertising to working women New product PR in publications for women Sales Strategy Sales are dependent upon creating awareness and generating excitement about the herbal cosmetics. The company will strategically place pop-up and banner ads on web-sites relevant to both women, use direct mail and e-mail lists and seek public relations coverage in relevant media sources. Fragrances will fulfil orders through its speciality store. It will also offer returning customers an option to place their orders on the company’s official website, or fax in orders to the company. E-orders: Customer can purchase online 24-hours a day, seven days a week. Fax orders: Customers can fax in an order 24-hours a day, seven days a week. Sales Forecast The sales forecast for First Year 2008 takes into account slower sales at the beginning as the company creates awareness of its product and website. Initially the company will be selling limited range of skincare products and perfumes. As the company grows, it will explore the demand for other types of customised products. The following table illustrates unit sales of 109,500 units for the first year. This would require the company to sell to less than 1% of its target market. FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 Unit Sales Units Sold 109,500 115,000 121,000 Average unit price  £ 10  £10  £10 Sales Revenue  £ 1,095,000  £1,150,000  £1,210,000 Direct Unit Costs  £3  £3  £3 Direct Cost of Sales  £ 328500  £345000 363000 Initially the company will be managed by its promoters. They will oversee product development, the online store, speciality store and marketing efforts. Outsourcing will be used on some initial tasks, specifically the website design and maintenance. Personnel Plan As the company’s launch date approaches, two product experts will be hired to help with the speciality store sales. As the company grows, more personnel will be added as needed. Personnel Plan FY 2008 (in  £) FY 2009 (in  £) FY 2010 (in  £) Management team for 3 Members  £45,000  £45,000  £45,000 2 Employees  £20,000  £21,000  £22,050 Total People 5 5 5 Total Payroll  £65,000  £66,000  £67,050 Fragrances project the gross margin to be healthy percent (70%). Sales projections for 2008 are at over  £1 million. Refer appendix for a projected profit loss account, projected cash-flow statement and projected balance sheet for the period 2008-2010. Start-up Funding The promoters of the company will use personal funds to finance the start of this business. The primary start-up costs are as follows: Start-up Expenses  £ Start up Funding Start up Expenses to fund 160,750 Start up Assets to fund 90,000 Total Funding Required 250,750 Assets Non-cash assets from start-up 80,000 Cash 10,000 Additional cash Raised 0 Cash Balance on Starting Date 10,000 Total Assets 90,000 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current Borrowing 0 Fixed liabilities 0 Accounts payable 0 Other current liabilities 0 Total Liabilities 0 Capital Planned Investment Shareholders equity 250,750 Investor 0 Additional Investment Requirement 0 Total Planned Investment 250,750 Loss at Start-up (160,750) Total Capital 90,000 Total Liabilities and Capital 90,000 Break-even Analysis The following Break-even Analysis shows what is needed in monthly sales to break even. Break-even Analysis (Year 2008) Monthly units break-even 1,914 Monthly Revenue Break-even  £19,140 Assumptions: Average per-unit revenue  £10 Average per-unit variable cost  £3 Estimated monthly fixed cost  £13396 This Confidentiality Agreement (the â€Å"Agreement†) is by and between (hereinafter â€Å"Disclosing Party†) and the undersigned recipient of information. (hereinafter â€Å"Recipient†) Recipient and its Representatives shall not disclose any of the Confidential information in any manner whatsoever, except as provided under Permitted Disclosures. Recipient hereby agrees to indemnify Disclosing Party against any and all losses, damages, claims, expenses and legal fees incurred or suffered by Disclosing Party as a result of breach of this Agreement by Recipient or its Representatives Appendix A Projected Profit Loss 2008 ( £) 2009 ( £) 2010 ( £) Sales 1,095,000 1,150,000 1,210,000 Direct cost of goods 328,500 345,000 363,000 Other costs Cost of goods sold 328,500 345,000 363,000 Gross Margin 766,500 805,000 847,000 Gross Margin % 70% 70% 70% Total Operating Expenses 396,025 375,667 352,917 Profit Before Interest and Taxes 370,475 429,333 494,083 EBITDA 370,475 429,333 494,083 Interest Expense Taxes 148,190 171,733 197,633 Net Profit 222,285 257,600 296,450 Projected Cash Flow 2008 ( £) 2009 ( £) 2010 ( £) Cash Received Cash from Operations Cash sales 1,095,000 1,150,000 1,210,000 Subtotal cash from operations 1,095,000 1,150,000 1,210,000 Additional cash received VAT received 0 0 0 New current borrowing 0 0 0 New other liabilities 0 0 0 Sale of other current assets 0 0 0 Sale of fixed assets 0 0 0 New Investment received 0 0 0 Subtotal cash received 1,095,000 1,150,000 1,210,000 Expenditure Cash spending 58,000 86,000 95,000 Bills payment 652,232 691,342 727,276 Total spent on operations 710,232 777,342 822,276 VAT paid 0 0 0 Repayment of current borrowing 0 0 0 Purchase of other current assets 0 0 0 Purchase of fixed assets 0 0 0 Dividends 0 0 0 Subtotal Cash Spent 710,232 777,342 822,276 Net Cash Flow 384,768 372,658 387,724 Cash Balance 394,768 767,426 1,155,150 Projected Balance Sheet 2008 2009 2010 Assets Current assets Cash 394,768 767,426 1,155,150 Stock 60,000 60,000 60,000 Other Current Assets 0 0 0 Total Current Assets 454,768 827,426 1,215,150 Fixed Assets Fixed assets Accumulated 20,000 20,000 20,000 Depreciation 0 0 0 Total Assets 474,768 847,426 1,235,150 2008 2009 2010 Liabilities and Capital Current Liabilities Accounts payable 53,900 57,085 60,020 Current borrowing 0 0 0 Other current liabilities 108,583 220,456 308,795 Long term liabilities 0 Total liabilities 162,483 277,541 368,815 Capital including profits 312,285 569,885 866,335 Total liabilities and Capital 474,768 847,426 1,235,150 Bibliography Barrow Colin, Barrow Paul, Brown Robert, The Business Plan Workbook, (2001) Kogan Page Ltd Blackwell Edward, How to Prepare a Business Plan, (2004) Kogan Page Ltd Branson, Richard, The Best-Laid Business Plans: How to Write Them, How to Pitch Them (Virgin Business Guides), (2005) Virgin Books; New Ed edition Covello Joseph, Hazelgren Brian, The Complete Book of Business Plans (Jan 1993), Sourcebooks Eleanor Hughes, Key Note Report – Cosmetics Fragrances A Market Sector Overview 10th Edition Euromonitor – Consumer Europe 2002/3 – 18th Edition Pub. Euromonitor International Plc Finch Brian, How to Write a Business Plan, (2006), Kogan Page Ltd McKeever Mike P., How to Write a Business Plan,(1992) Nolo Press UK Population data accessed from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/glance/#population Footnotes [1] The UK cosmetics industry is regulated under the the Department of Trade and Industrys 1996 Cosmetic Products (Safety) Regulations.

Essay --

STATEMENTOF PURPOSE â€Å"The real secret of success is enthusiasm†-Walter Chrysler This is Sneha Vynathi Garaga, pursuing final year of under-graduation from Keshav Memorial Institute of Technology (www.kmit.in) in Electronics and Communication Engineering. It is with great incitement and warmth that I write this personnel statement to discuss my academics and motivation for pursuing graduate studies. In my schooling, after identifying my diligence in academics, I was selected to attend five-day 58th International Astronautical congress (IAC) held at Hi-tech city, Hyderabad. I was inspired immensely by the speech given by Sunita Williams and it was, indeed, a huge source of inspiration for me to pursue my career in the field of technology. Following this motivation, I opted for Electronics and Communication Engineering as my under-graduate major. Though my major in under-graduation is electronics, I am applying for Master’s study in Computer science. I joined my under-graduate college with interest towards electronics; however, later I realized that I have a great inclination towards c...